Journal: bioRxiv
Article Title: Murine Parainfluenza Virus Persists in Lung Innate Immune Cells Sustaining Chronic Lung Pathology
doi: 10.1101/2023.11.07.566103
Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Timeline of the study design. Mice were inoculated with either phosphate-buffered saline (mock) or 5×10 4 tissue culture infectious dose (TCID 50 ) of SeV 52 per animal. Lungs were analyzed on days 3 and 49 post-infection. B. Disease progression was monitored by measuring weight loss through the experiment. Data are representative of 4 independent experiments (mean ±SD). For SeV-infected and mock groups the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated and t-tests were performed for statistical significance analysis. ****P<0.0001. C. Whole lung homogenates were harvested at days 3 and 49 post-infection and both SeV NP RNA expression and infectious virus titers were quantified by qPCR and infectivity assays respectively. Relative RNA quantitation by qPCR was normalized to mouse GAPDH and β-Actin. Two-way analysis of variance with Holm-Sídák post-test was used to estimate statistical significance between groups. N = 5 animals per group. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ****P<0.0001. D. SeV-infected lungs were stained for SeV NP (white staining, upper panels) using immunofluorescence and for SeV NP RNA using RNAscope (white staining, lower panels). Nuclear staining (Hoechst for immunofluorescence and DAPI for RNAscope) in blue. Representative images of 3 independent experiments. Scale bars: 100 µm. E. SeV-infected lungs were stained for basal stem cells (Krt5 + , green staining) and SeV NP (magenta staining) to localize SeV NP + cells in relation to areas displaying chronic lesions (dashed areas, subpanels E1-E3) and unaffected areas (subpanel E4). Arrowheads indicate SeV NP + cells, more detailed in the correspondent zoomed inset panels. Images were taken using a widefield microscope. Left panel, tiling image, 5x magnification. Right subpanels, 20x magnification. Right insets: digital zooms from the correspondent 20x magnification images. Scale bars: Left panel. 500 µm; Subpanels. 100 µm. Images are representative of 3 independent experiments, 5 mice per group.
Article Snippet: Sendai virus strain 52 (SeV-52) stocks were expanded in 10-days-old embryonated chicken eggs (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA) and virus titers were determined using end-point dilution tissue culture infectious dose (TCID 50 ) infectivity assays in LLC-MK2 cells.
Techniques: Saline, Infection, RNA Expression, Virus, Quantitation Assay, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Microscopy